vitis-idaea grown at the most polluted site (located near the zinc smelter) in comparison with cleaner areas definitely higher bioaccumulation of these metals was found in lingonberry organs.

Much higher Cd, Pb, Zn and Fe concentrations were found in V. At all sites a several times lower concentration of the examined metals was determined in the fraction of soil extracted with CaCl 2. In soil, the highest levels of Cd, Pb, and Zn (HNO 3 extracted and CaCl 2 extracted) were detected at the Miasteczko ÅšlÄ…skie site. The contents of proline, non-protein thiols, glutathione, ascorbic acid, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase in the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus L. All of the sites are situated in the southern parts of Poland in the ÅšlÄ…skie or MaÅ‚opolskie provinces. iron smelter in DÄ…browa GÃ³rnicza-ÅosieÅ„, and Jaworzno III power plant in Jaworzno) and one pseudo-control site (Pazurek nature reserve in Jaroszowiec Olkuski). Analysis also concerned the physiological responses of these plants from three polluted sites (immediate vicinity of a zinc smelter in Miasteczko ÅšlÄ…skie, ArcelorMittal Poland S.A. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in soil, and their bioavailability and bioaccumulation in Vaccinium myrtillus L. Kandziora-Ciupa, Marta NadgÃ³rska-Socha, Aleksandra Barczyk, Gabriela CiepaÅ‚, Ryszard In conclusion the phenolics, notablyīioaccumulation of heavy metals and ecophysiological responses to heavy metal stress in selected populations of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Lingonberry phenolics had no significant effect on IL-1Î² production but inhibited IL-6 and TNF-Î± production at a concentration of 100 Î¼g/mL similarly to cranberry phenolic extract. At a concentration of 100 Î¼g/mL cranberry phenolic extract inhibited LPS-induced IL-6, IL-1Î² and TNF-Î± production. Cranberry phenolic extract inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no major effect on iNOS of COX-2 expression. Polymeric fraction of cranberries and oligomeric fractions of both lingonberries and cranberries showed an inhibitory effect on hemagglutination of E. Typhimurium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Escherichia coli. Polymeric proanthocyanidin extracts of lingonberries and cranberries were strongly antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas they had no effect on other bacterial strains such as Salmonella enterica sv. Inhibitions of lipid oxidation in liposomes were over 70% and in emulsions over 85%, and in most cases the oligomeric or polymeric fraction was the most effective. Catechin, epicatechin, A-type dimers and trimers were found to be the terminal units of isolated proanthocyanidin fractions. In the present study, proanthocyanidins were divided into three groups: dimers and trimers, oligomers (mDP 4-10), and polymers (mDP > 10). Proanthocyanidins are polymeric phenolic compounds consisting mainly of catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin units. The main phenolic compounds in both lingonberries and cranberries were proanthocyanidins comprising 63-71% of the total phenolic content, but anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonols were also found. Kylli, Petri Nohynek, Liisa Puupponen-PimiÃ¤, Riitta Westerlund-WikstrÃ¶m, Benita LeppÃ¤nen, Tiina Welling, Jukka Moilanen, Eeva Heinonen, MarinaĮuropean, small-fruited cranberries ( Vaccinium microcarpon) and lingonberries ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea) were characterized for their phenolic compounds and tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiadhesive, and antiinflammatory effects. Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and European cranberry ( Vaccinium microcarpon) proanthocyanidins: isolation, identification, and bioactivities.

Lingon berry translate to polish